Women's education in ancient India

Some mantra mentioned in the Vedas underscores that education was considered inevitable and important for the girls. Both religious and spiritual teachings were given to women. Coeducation was not considered bad. It is said in the Gobhil Ghar Sutra that the uneducated wife was not able to perform the yagna. Music education was emphasized. According to the ancient traditions mentioned in the yardstick for attaining education according to desire and merit, 20 women contribute to the creation of Rig Veda. Shakuntala Rao Shastri has divided it into three categories. The verses written by the female sage, partly the verses written by the women sage and the verses dedicated to women sages. Rishika Ghosh, Romanshaw, Vishwavara, Indrani, Rishika, 39, and 40 of the Tenth Division of Rigveda, Was Shachi and Apala. In the Vedic era, women used to perform eclipse and perform various activities such as Vedasudya and Pram Home. In the Sathpath Brahmin mention of the tripapaniyan. According to the Green Code, there were two types of girls who received education in Vedic period - Brahmavadyini and Sadova Until the age of 15 or 16 years of age, he used to study till he got married. These were taught important Vedic Mantra necessary for prayers and Yajnas and music and dance were also taught. Brahmavadini was given the right to Yagnavya, Vedayudyan and VyayShayya. Sulabha, Maitreyi, Gargi etc. were famous for their scholarship. Ghosh has publicly admitted that "I am Rajkanya Ghosha, the announcer of Vedas everywhere, I am a sermonizing the message of the Vedas. "Some of these women also attained spiritual progress by staying lifelong cosmic life. These women received rituals through vedanas, compositions, renunciation, penance, and some even interviewed the mantras. Seventy (70) Brahmavadyini women have been nominated in some mantras of Rigveda which is the oldest book in the world. Shanak has mentioned the names of the emissary women in his book, Greater Goddess. Lopamudra had shown Venus with her husband Agasthya. Surya had interviewed Venus from 10 to 85. In addition, Usha, Curve Aditi etc. also interviewed Venus. Till the 300th East, it was considered the duty of the parents to give equal education to sons and daughters. Girls were often unmarried till the age of 16 and married after the rituals. According to Atharva Veda, the woman can succeed only after marriage, While he has been well-educated in the state of Brahmacharya. This education was especially related to daily literature. From which he could participate in the Havan Yagna with his husband. Former Mimansa was also a very interesting topic for women. It was a dry and difficult topic, which was related to havan and yagna. A woman named Kashchratsani had composed a book on Mimansa which was called Kashkrutasani and the girl students who studied it were called Kashakrishna. The number of students studying such subjects as Mimansa was so special that they had to use special words. It can be assumed that the number of women who have taken ordinary literary and cultural education also have been sufficient in that period. Mahavir and Gautama Buddha had allowed the entry of females in Sandhya, They used to observe the Brahmacharya fast for meditation and religion. Jain and Buddhist biases show that some monks contributed immensely to the development and education of literature in which Ashok's daughter was Sanghamitra chief. Here he was famous as the great teacher of Buddhist Ages. Jain literature reveals a woman named Jayanti who remained unmarried in the thirst of knowledge of religion and philosophy and finally became a sage. In the long run, the family was the only education institute for girls' education. The relatives near them often taught them. When a large number of women started receiving higher education and started making important contributions to the development of education, then perhaps some of them would also have to do the teaching work. The presence of Upadhyay words in Sanskrit literature emphasizes the imagination that the Upadhyayi word definitely means female teachers Would have been used only for. Perhaps the need for new inventions of the word would have been because their numbers were not in the society. Due to child marriage, the decline of female education was due to 300 E. With an early marriage of girls, they started depriving them of higher education. Another reason for this was that according to Manu and Yajnavalkya, the girls did not have the right to deputation. As a result, their religious rights had a bad effect and they could not pronounce the Mantras of Vedas like Shudras. Only high-ranking women were educated towards education. The compositions of seven poets are stored in the recent gathasuphati. Sheilabhtarkika was famous for its simple and generous style and harmony of words and meaning. The Goddess was a land poet poet. Only Kalidas could have attained the glory of Vijayanaka in Vidarbha. Avantisundari poet and commentator was the only one. Some women have a pedantic life on Ayurveda And there are authentic compositions in which Rasa's name is famous. Prabhat Mukherjee has quoted Altekar, Winternitz, Dwarkanath Mitter and Hemchandra Raychowdhury, telling the reasons for the low status of women in the mythical period. According to him, the restraint imposed by the Brahmans on the entire society, the restrictions imposed by the caste system, the practice of joint family, the lack of education for women, entry of non-Aryan wives in the Aryan family and the main cause of foreign invasion is the reason.

The progress of women's education in the medieval period was slow in the preservation of rulers and rich people. The rulers and other educators tried to promote women's education. Hindu and Muslim women took interest in religious and high classical works. In spite of all this, there was the absence of insulting Hindu women. Whose main reason was perfection and child marriage. This does not mean that there were not enough educational institutions at that time. If the truth was asked, his education was neglected. Describing the ruler of Ennah as a great teacher, Ibn Battuta says that all the ladies of Hanaur had written Koran, There were 23 schools for boys and 13 schools for girls. Sheikh Rijkulah, author of the Waqiat-e-Moustouchi writes that during this period the clean stream of education was flowing like anterior. Women were taught as per the general curriculum and they were taught different arts and science as well.
Generally, rulers and high-caste people used to train their daughters and sisters in government jobs. Whenever it was necessary, he used to take care of education himself and used to appoint skilled and scholarly teachers of rare education for the specific and general public. It was not a matter of pride for such a situation that there was no system of education for women of different families and girls' education facilities were negligible compared to boys. One of the reasons for this was that the guardians of the girls themselves were undeserving women education and their social obligations and bias were the real obstacles in the path of women education that were progressive and widespread. There was a similar social obligation under which women had to remain locked inside the house wall. Hindu and Muslim women of cultured and upper classes are outsiders and their own family The Burjuga members could not come in front of them. Due to this social compulsion, the parents who are interested in education of women were also deprived of their full-hearted education to the women of their families. Therefore, due to prevalent social traditions, their intellectual abilities did not develop.
Child marriage was a major obstacle to the education of women in Hindu and Muslim communities, because after marriage, girls did not get the opportunity for education. In such unhealthy social environment, it was impossible for middle-aged women to reach the excellent achievements of literacy. Due to collective illiteracy, society was tightened in the above-mentioned evils. The women of the villagers and the lower classes also had more disadvantages in getting education. They were so sad with the burden of domestic work that they could not get the opportunity to receive education.
In the medieval period, widely educated female education was an unknown thing. Education was limited to women of the royal and elite classes only. To some extent, women of middle class women were also educated, but as far as the poor and lower-caste women were concerned, they were busy keeping their stomach and did not have the time to do intellectual training. Hindus did not pay attention to the cultivation of women. As a result, the girls were bound to grow up in illiteracy, whatever little intellectual education they could get was also their mother. The education was related to many subjects and was given verbally. After receiving primary education 45, especially the middle class girls were able to get very little access to pursue their studies. Although some women from the upper classes were highly skilled in the political and social fields, and active in literary activities,