Social consciousness of Bharatendu Harishchandra
Bharatendu was the product of medieval state of traditional Indian society, on the other hand, by breaking the boundaries of tradition and medievalism, the imagination of a modern society of its own was also one. Bharatendu has been the successor of Kabir in terms of social consciousness. Donations raised the consciousness of the revolution, the hypocrisy in their era's society, Strongly try to eradicate mischief and mischief by wounding them. Acharya Shukla has called Bharatendu the originator of a new era in the true sense. According to Shuklaji, "He has restored our literature with our lives. He saved us from the massive split. He first gave Hindi literature the historical necessity and conformity of social consciousness. The funistic approach of literature has been linked to the social utility approach.1 '' The eventual significance of Bharatendu is that they recognize the cultural needs of their countrymen. Literary Hindi gave birth to new movement in Hindi with literature, literature, national and democratic elements in Hindi literature.
Until the emergence of Bharatendu Harishchandra, society was not free from medieval inertia. Still, the general public was entangled in the search of superstitions, hypocrisy, religion and many kinds of disorders. Rudhis were still wrapped in their puddle. Rooted rituals and social rituals were deep inside their minds. The colonial rule and Victorian values were synonymous with terror for the people. From the infinite power of the British Empire, the Indian was unacquainted with cowardly and helpless people. Due to the Macaulay's education policy, our native language was becoming inferior. Poor copying made some Indian babuos an Englishman of the Desi Species. Indeed, there was a deep challenge before Bharatendu.
In the 19th century, Hindu was a period of renaissance, which was the result of a conflict with Victorian values. Renaissance was a complete awakening. There was an anti-imperial and anti-feudal consciousness on the one hand, on the other hand there was resentment against religious superstition and social stereotypes. The vocabulary of changing the old varna system of high and low, Brahmin, untouchable was slowly rising. The demands of behavioral items were being sought. The Government, the Kachari and the Press Act were being condemned. The liberal social feeling, the political consciousness, the new literary stream were all blowing the conch shell of the Renaissance.
In the latter part of the nineteenth century, many great men, Ram Mohan Rai, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Dayanand Saraswati, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Bharatnadu Harishchandra etc. gave their liberal ideas and the lives of renunciation and penance and on the other hand many institutions, Brahma Samaj, Prayer Samaj, Arya Samaj, Tadiye Society etc. eradicate the evils spread in society through their reform movements and publicity work. The inspiration to follow the path of Rgti. Bharatendu criticized the deities of the society, the degradation of economic, economic decline and the spread of hypocrisy, pomp, inaction, and Pongappa in the rigid language of religion. They prevented from drinking, dowry, dishonesty and loss of child marriage, the folly and unreasonableness of mixing the birth certificate, the defects of mischief, interdisciplinary and hostile, intolerant ethnicity, court, Emphasis on the need to stay away from antiquity items. While chirping, he depicted the lacklessness of the Brahmins, the escape from socio-ethical norms, and the indulgence in the pride of keeping ethnic pride in the hierarchy. He also took good news of those knowledgeable, enlightened Indians, who considered themselves as progressive and progressive, but were conductors of many evils. The vision of Bharatendu ranged from society reform to autocratic movement, and he created new consciousness in every sphere. Bhartendu's objections strike English, graduates, police, widow marriage, liquor, court and law. In the drama 'Andher Nagri', they talk about the diplomatic taxation of the princes, taking bribes of the labor, taking advantage of Mahajan, taking advantage of the British to liberate all India, doing irregular tasks of the police, from that time the officials and The attitude of the rich class is reflected .3 Describes the indulgence in the veneration of ethnic pride at stake. He also took good news of those knowledgeable, enlightened Indians, who considered themselves as progressive and progressive, but were conductors of many evils. The vision of Bharatendu ranged from society reform to autocratic movement, and he created new consciousness in every sphere. Bhartendu's objections strike English, graduates, police, widow marriage, liquor, court and law. In the drama 'Andher Nagri', they talk about the diplomatic taxation of the princes, taking bribes of the labor, taking advantage of Mahajan, taking advantage of the British to liberate all India, doing irregular tasks of the police, from that time the officials and The attitude of the rich class is reflected .3 Describes the indulgence in the veneration of ethnic pride at stake. He also took good news of those knowledgeable, enlightened Indians, who considered themselves as progressive and progressive, but were conductors of many evils. The vision of Bharatendu ranged from society reform to autocratic movement, and he created new consciousness in every sphere. Bhartendu's objections strike English, graduates, police, widow marriage, liquor, court and law. In the drama 'Andher Nagri', they talk about the diplomatic taxation of the princes, taking bribes of the labor, taking advantage of Mahajan, taking advantage of the British to liberate all India, doing irregular tasks of the police, from that time the officials and The attitude of the rich class is reflected .3 But there were many carriers of evil. The vision of Bharatendu ranged from society reform to autocratic movement, and he created new consciousness in every sphere. Bhartendu's objections strike English, graduates, police, widow marriage, liquor, court and law. In the drama 'Andher Nagri', they talk about the diplomatic taxation of the princes, taking bribes of the labor, taking advantage of Mahajan, taking advantage of the British to liberate all India, doing irregular tasks of the police, from that time the officials and The attitude of the rich class is reflected .3 But there were many carriers of evil. The vision of Bharatendu ranged from society reform to autocratic movement, and he created new consciousness in every sphere. Bhartendu's objections strike English, graduates, police, widow marriage, liquor, court and law. In the drama 'Andher Nagri', they talk about the diplomatic taxation of the princes, taking bribes of the labor, taking advantage of Mahajan, taking advantage of the British to liberate all India, doing irregular tasks of the police, from that time the officials and The attitude of the rich class is reflected .3
Churan saheb people who account. Sara Hind goes hajamkar ..
Chana princess all who eat. Put on double the ticks.
Bharatendu Harishchandra did not neglect social life and gave attention to the problems of public for the first time in a broader context. The sympathetic poems written about women education in the Bharatendu era, the misfortune of the widows and the untouchability, the novelty of their theories attracted the sympathetic community. 4 To illustrate these problems, they depict middle-class social situations on one hand. On the other side, opposing the Rudrais, also gave expression to the aspiration of consciousness of development. Bharatendu has vehemently opposed the narrowing of Varanashram religion in India's malady drama - "We have spread the religion, enhanced untouchability." Introducing his progress towards women, he has given from Bal Bhodini Magazine. Women's education, He was a strong supporter of child marriage and farsighted travel. 5 In Paragyogini, there is a photograph of Kshi's Dharmadambar. In Jain Kautihal, religious rivalry has been described as meaningless. 'Vedic violence is not a violation'; There is cruel satire on social religious distortions. In the 'Niladevi' where the Rajputs are inanimate, the status of women personality is also done. In the Satya Harishchandra drama, the usefulness of youth has been established in addition to the makeup by values like truthfulness, duty, and character determination. Through the letters of poetry, Sudha and Harishchandra Manganjin, he made people aware of the social and political problems of the then era. Dr. Ramvilas Sharma has written that "refutation of the fundamentalism of the country and Mahantas,
The economic exile of the country was the subject of most pain for Bharatendu. They were well-versed in the policy of money-exploitation of colonial rule. Indian festivals were being trapped in the trap of goods and material temptations. Increasing revenue and tax was the reason for famine and hunger. Farmers' indebtedness was increasing due to commercialization of agriculture. Overall, there was an empire of poverty, pandemic and extortion in all India. They tried the British rule to provide untimely benefits for facilitating easy access to traffic, irrigation facilities, education etc. But with this, they did not forget that instead of reducing the poverty of the general public and the farmers, it has increased further. Therefore, while experiencing the need for cultural revival of the country in connection with Western civilization, he has opposed the economic exploitation of the country by the ruling class -
Angrej Raja Sukh saj sajay all heavy.
This money can be used for a lot of money.
In the light of the physical, cultural and spiritual prosperity of ancient India, in the light of famines, inflation epidemics and the burden of taxes, in the order of family life, and the state of the country: In the illustration of Bharatendu Harishchandra, Bhanga rises, expressing the pain of society, they say -
Rowhhun got all, I am Bharat Bhai
Ha! Ha! India does not see any misfortune.
With the desire to strengthen the Indian economy, Bharatendu Harishchandra emphasized on encouraging self-employed industries and using natural items. Bharatendu, the exponent of 'Bachan Kachhu, can not do the thing of the living creatures, can not believe', in the title poem, the inspiration of the boycott of antiquated objects. 6 A story of India's misery is the story of his tomorrow-factory and festivities Does.
The unity of national unity without any social unity continues to be a chant. The poets of Bharatendu and Bharatendu Mandal, therefore, first tried to establish social unity through social reform efforts. In our society, it is necessary to oppose such religion to oppose hateful casteism and untouchability, under the guise of religion. There was a division in the society, there was a direct division at the communal level. Until the social harmony comes, then the raised voice of nationalism from a class or community has become a one-sided communal voice. Bharatindu inspired all Indians to be indebted to the cause of 'Bharat Bhai' by saying 'truth and doctrines of all religions and beliefs' with the expression of love.
Bharatendu was a Janakvit. The development of language is considered as a national advancement. He associated all the National Jagran with Lok Jagaran and considered the language of Lok Jabharan for the public awakening. In the 'Ethnic Music' essay, he emphasized the need to print and publish those verses on the singing of small verses in the language of the people, on their singing. Bharatendu has not only performed the literary work but also came in the public. He was aware of the public's happiness and sorrow, his illiteracy, poverty, his entertainment, and popular among the people. He was a philanthropist and his writer, actor was known by the public. Even language he learned from the public also. He used the public's local dialects, idioms, tone, his songs, chords, and his culture. 7 In the narrative of his plays, more closely, naturalness and realism came from public life. Her hero-heroine,
Thus, all the writers of Bharatendu and Bharatendu era were not satisfied with the old social structure and wanted change in it. There was a strong inclination towards economic exploitation and there was a strong desire to bring about social reform. Bhartendu Yugin poetry first gained social expression and expression of awareness. 8 Bhartendu gave expression to literature and public problems for the first time in social literature. The reality is that Premchandra's realism has made progressive progress and revolutionary, revolt and Jagaran's land Bharatindu had made it.
Reference Bibliography
Ramchandra Shukla, Chintamani, Part-1 Page-191
Ram Vilas Sharma, Bharatendu Harishchandra, Page-21
Dr. Bachchan Singh, Hindi Drama, Second Edition, p.33-
Dr. Nagendra, History of Hindi Sahitya, pg-450
Siddhanth Kumar, Andersanagari (Prokthan) Pg - 1 Yeh
, Dr. Nagendra, Pg - 450
Girish Rastogi, Andher Nagari, Page - 13
Hukumchand Rajpal, History of Hindi Literature, p.2288
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