Challenges and Strategies of Working Women in Unorganized Sector in Bihar
Challenges and Strategies of Working Women in Unorganized Sector in Bihar
Women in the unorganized sector have been a major contributor to Bihar's development. The total population of workers in the unorganized sector in the state is 1.3 million. As per Task Force reports on women in the unorganized sector, 56 percent of the total female population in Bihar is female workers and their daily earnings are between 30 and 120 rupees. According to the National Sample Survey Report, 11 percent of women in Bihar work only while the remaining 89 percent of the women engage in domestic work. Asian Development Research Institute, According to the report task force of the task force set up by Patna, 50 percent of the total youth population of Bihar is contributing to somehow Bihar's economy. (1) Not only Bihar, the number of unorganized workers in entire India is quite is more. The share of workers in the unorganized sector in total workers is about 90 percent. It covers entire rural labor and some urban labor. Its operations are operated in the form of domestic and family undertakings, which are based solely on partly or partly on family labor. The main features of the unorganized sector include small size business, less capital-investment, temporary nature of planning, lack of fixed geographical area, scattered establishments or business size, lack of labor unions, lack of sure market, lower class and lower Higher production of things for the daily needs of the middle class, Lack of processing and marketing, lack of business management / inefficient and semi-skilled management, often employed for less educated and uneducated employees, lack of security in planning, low wages, job conditions inappropriate, working hours are often uncertain, work (2) This region contributes 21 percent to the domestic product of agriculture and the state of Bihar. There is more participation of women in this. Human Development Institute, According to the report of New Delhi, 70 percent of the total female population of India is cultivated in agriculture, proving that the rate of migration in rural areas is quite high. Migration has brought women into a new role. Due to the high rate of migration of men, Bihari women had to come forward and take the rights of men for a decade. The deduction of physical labor has traditionally changed the concept of getting bread annouce. In order to overcome this shortage of labor, work in agriculture has also become necessary in Bihar. In Uttar Pradesh's brick kilns, Haryana and Punjab's farms, mills of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh, migrations of male laborers of Bihar, which last for about 9 months, greatly increase the decrease of physical labor. Consequently, women to overcome this nirvatta became a farmer. According to the report of Adri 50 1 In Bihar, the young women of Bihar are working in the agriculture sector, which represents the 'femininity' of agriculture. (3) In the animal husbandry sector, the contribution of women in the state is 79.5 percent. In the total GDP of Bihar, the total contribution of women in agriculture sector is 12 percent while their contribution to animal husbandry is 3.4 percent. In Bihar, women perform all kinds of activities in the field of animal husbandry, which include feeding, feeding, dunging, strawing or stalking of animals, washing and feeding milk and dairy products to the market. 51.61% of the total manpower in the state's health sector contributed to women. Along with the work of Allopath, Homoeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and AYUSH doctors, women are doing the work of AKMEM, ASHA volunteers and trained midwives. Which represents the 'feminization' of agriculture. (3) In the animal husbandry sector, the contribution of women in the state is 79.5 percent. In the total GDP of Bihar, the total contribution of women in agriculture sector is 12 percent while their contribution to animal husbandry is 3.4 percent. In Bihar, women perform all kinds of activities in the field of animal husbandry, which include feeding, feeding, dunging, strawing or stalking of animals, washing and feeding milk and dairy products to the market. 51.61% of the total manpower in the state's health sector contributed to women. Along with the work of Allopath, Homoeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and AYUSH doctors, women are doing the work of AKMEM, ASHA volunteers and trained midwives. Which represents the 'feminization' of agriculture. (3) In the animal husbandry sector, the contribution of women in the state is 79.5 percent. In the total GDP of Bihar, the total contribution of women in agriculture sector is 12 percent while their contribution to animal husbandry is 3.4 percent. In Bihar, women perform all kinds of activities in the field of animal husbandry, which include feeding, feeding, dunging, strawing or stalking of animals, washing and feeding milk and dairy products to the market. 51.61% of the total manpower in the state's health sector contributed to women. Along with the work of Allopath, Homoeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and AYUSH doctors, women are doing the work of AKMEM, ASHA volunteers and trained midwives. 5 percent. In the total GDP of Bihar, the total contribution of women in agriculture sector is 12 percent while their contribution to animal husbandry is 3.4 percent. In Bihar, women perform all kinds of activities in the field of animal husbandry, which include feeding, feeding, dunging, strawing or stalking of animals, washing and feeding milk and dairy products to the market. 51.61% of the total manpower in the state's health sector contributed to women. Along with the work of Allopath, Homoeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and AYUSH doctors, women are doing the work of AKMEM, ASHA volunteers and trained midwives. 5 percent. In the total GDP of Bihar, the total contribution of women in agriculture sector is 12 percent while their contribution to animal husbandry is 3.4 percent. In Bihar, women perform all kinds of activities in the field of animal husbandry, which include feeding, feeding, dunging, strawing or stalking of animals, washing and feeding milk and dairy products to the market. 51.61% of the total manpower in the state's health sector contributed to women. Along with the work of Allopath, Homoeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and AYUSH doctors, women are doing the work of AKMEM, ASHA volunteers and trained midwives. 61 percent women contributed. Along with the work of Allopath, Homoeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and AYUSH doctors, women are doing the work of AKMEM, ASHA volunteers and trained midwives. 61 percent women contributed. Along with the work of Allopath, Homoeopath, Ayurveda, Unani, and AYUSH doctors, women are doing the work of AKMEM, ASHA volunteers and trained midwives.
According to a study by Assocham, in the whole of India between 1998 and 2004, there has been an increase of 3.35% in women in terms of employment, while there is a decrease of 8% in men. This increase has been recorded in Public Sector Undertakings. The remarkable fact is that in Bihar, the number of industrial units in both the areas is almost low, the increase in the number of women workers can be registered only in the unorganized sector. Due to scattered on small scale and many places, women's planning in handloom and khadi village industries is in great numbers. After this, women are working extensively in handicrafts, tussar industry, beedi, agarbatti, candle, basket, ethyl jam and marmalade, Papad industry. But they are not getting much profit.
Women are considered to be exploited socially, but economically it is a resource that has been used less than capacity. (4) Therefore, it is believed that more and more women are educated and employed. It will help to solve the problems of population and poverty. In other words, if more women come out of the house and work, then surely there will be an increase in Bihar's GDP. If you spend more on education and health of girls here then there will be long term social and financial benefits. Since economic independence is an important form of self-sufficiency, such efforts should ultimately be focused on the increased reach of women till the beneficial activities. (5) In the unorganized sector, the following strategies can be adopted to make the women workers of Bihar more functional:
के Equal opportunities and rights of rural women in profitable employment in agriculture and non-agricultural activities.
ाना Ensure enhancing the professional mobility of women through maternity benefits, child-care facilities, technical training and health care.
हेतु Multi-sectoral programs should be adopted to increase the productive capacity of rural poor women in food and animal products.
का Other employment opportunities apart from farming should be done.
में Open the women's skill development center in every district.
Û Bihar Unorganized and Overseas Workers Welfare Act should be made.
का Provision of energy health, education and transportation.
में Training of rural women in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and protection techniques.
का Use and strengthening of reciprocal organizations of rural women for production activities.
पर Research on the role of women in the food production and food processing and the updated data related to it.
का Strengthen the banking system in the rural areas and ensure the access of banking and loan to every worker woman.
पर Toilets should be constructed at the work places.
का Construction of self-help groups (SHGs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should be promoted in non-traditional areas.
In this way, more work can be done for women's ability and skill. This is not just a matter of justice and equality, but it is purely a business affair. A study by the WTO has shown that there is a close relationship between gender equality and per capita GDP, which can be examined in Bihar too.
Reference: -
(1) Shramajivani, Report of Special Task Force on women of the unorganized sector, Asian Development Research Institute, Patna August 1, 2014
(2) Subhash Sharma, Condition of Indian Women, Aadhar Publications, Panchkula, Haryana, 2006 263
(3) Times of India, Patna edition August 2, 2014
(4) Dr. Praveen Shukla, barriers and resolutions of women empowerment, RK Publishers and Distributors Delhi 2009, page 46
(5) Nairobi forward looking for the strategies for the advancement of women, Nairobi, Julie 1985 p.8-8.
